Traceroute

What does traceroute show?

It lists intermediate network hops and the response times observed while probing toward a destination. This can help locate where delay or a connectivity issue may occur along a route.

Why might some hops be missing?

Routers may filter, rate-limit, or deprioritize diagnostic probes. Routes can also change over time or differ by direction, so a traceroute is only a partial view of network paths and not a complete record of all traffic.